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id="0kk0ik4y0" class="container margin-50"><div id="0kk0ik4y0" class="row"><div id="0kk0ik4y0" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-9"><div id="0kk0ik4y0" class="page_box"><style> .contentbox { padding: 30px 100px 40px 100px !important; } @media (max-width: 767px) { .contentbox { padding: 10px 15px !important; } } </style><div id="0kk0ik4y0" class="newscontent"><div id="0kk0ik4y0" class="news_path" style="display: none"><a href="/">首頁</a> > <a href="http://carvingitup.com/list_442.html">文化</a></div><h1 class="news_title">閱讀昭通·人文| 壩統(tǒng)村古法造紙?zhí)矫?/h1><div id="0kk0ik4y0" class="news_about" style="height: auto;"><p style="padding-top:10px;"><span id="tts_autio_play" style="display: none;"><i class="fa fa-volume-up" style="background: #ff0000; color: #fff;padding: 5px;border-radius: 100%;"></i> 讀新聞</span> 2023-09-01 09:54 <span> 來源：昭通新聞網(wǎng)</span></p><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/view/css/audio.css"/></div><div id="0kk0ik4y0" class="news_txt"><section><p><img src="/40/202211/5422b50783154c06.jpg" style="text-align: justify; width: 640px;" data-filename=""></p><p><img src="/newsImage/202309/2a86406db26b8054.png" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">造紙術(shù)是我國的四大發(fā)明之一，在歷史長河中，影響著世界文明的發(fā)展。東漢時期，蔡倫改進了古法造紙技術(shù)，用樹皮、麻絮等作為原料，讓紙張得到進一步推廣使用。“千年蔡侯紙，萬里文明史”，造紙術(shù)的廣泛傳播，對人類文化事業(yè)的發(fā)展起到了重要作用。</span></p><p><img src="/d3/202307/6301946c02989d24.jpg" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">現(xiàn)在，古法造紙的作坊寥寥無幾，巧家縣小河鎮(zhèn)壩統(tǒng)村是一個保存著古法造紙技藝的村莊之一。壩統(tǒng)村距離小河鎮(zhèn)集鎮(zhèn)6公里，坐落于牛欄江畔，此處依山傍水，物產(chǎn)豐富，風景絕美。穿越林間小道，依稀可見簡樸的舂窩、堆塘、泡池、水槽、架棚。這些是百年前的造紙作坊，不少已經(jīng)荒廢，也有部分作坊通過口傳心授，延續(xù)古法，采構(gòu)木而造紙。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">石開美是壩統(tǒng)村村委會委員，也是古法造紙傳承人，她自小跟隨家人學習古法造紙。“靠山吃山，古法造紙術(shù)在壩統(tǒng)村已經(jīng)延續(xù)了數(shù)百年，曾經(jīng)，壩統(tǒng)村院子村民小組幾乎家家戶戶都造紙，是村里的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，造紙是一項體力活，從原料到成品工序復(fù)雜繁多、耗時長，很多年輕人已經(jīng)不愿意干了，現(xiàn)如今還剩下的造紙坊不到10家了。”</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><img src="/70/202307/0c59d54064ed107a.jpg" style="width: 653.1px;" data-filename=""></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><span style="font-size: 16px; text-indent: 2em;">石開美邊介紹邊向我們展示古法造紙工序。</span><br></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">采構(gòu)——壩統(tǒng)村制造的紙主要是皮紙，構(gòu)樹皮是制作皮紙的主要原材料，構(gòu)樹學名凡楮，春末夏初開始剝皮，制作皮紙以莖、根的老樹皮為宜。每年春末夏初，在大雨來臨之前，村民們便三五成群相約上山采割構(gòu)樹皮，或自家造紙，或賣給造紙坊賺取零花錢。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">踹構(gòu)——無論是五六歲的小孩，還是富有經(jīng)驗的老人，都可以踹構(gòu)，利用流動的山泉水，或雙手揉搓或雙腳踩踏，反復(fù)數(shù)遍以去除構(gòu)樹皮雜質(zhì)。踹到?jīng)_洗構(gòu)樹皮的水清澈見底、沒有雜質(zhì)為宜，就算是踹干凈了。每年夏天，這樣的景象就會在壩統(tǒng)村上演。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">煮構(gòu)——踹洗干凈的構(gòu)樹皮通常需要放入泡池進行深度浸泡，然后放入石灰等拌煮。煮構(gòu)也是個技術(shù)活，哪怕是老手也需要時刻緊盯，隨時增減柴火，嚴格控制火候。經(jīng)過長達一天的蒸煮，構(gòu)皮纖維的緊實狀態(tài)松弛下來，為了保證纖維的純凈，煮好的構(gòu)皮纖維，還需要經(jīng)過一輪手工挑揀。村里最有經(jīng)驗的阿婆一天也只能完成四五斤的量。挑揀好的構(gòu)皮纖維才可以進行下一道工序——打漿。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">打漿—— 顧名思義，打漿就是利用工具捶打，使構(gòu)樹皮中的果膠和雜質(zhì)分離出來。經(jīng)過千萬遍的捶打，使纖維呈現(xiàn)出如同綢緞般的絲光質(zhì)感。在以前沒有電力機械的時候，一切工作全靠人力操作，打漿需要經(jīng)驗豐富的兩個師傅密切配合，耗時又耗力。20世紀80年代，村民引進了電力馬達帶動的粉碎機，大大提高了效率。構(gòu)樹皮纖維經(jīng)過反復(fù)粉碎，從纖維變成細末狀。將打好的纖維再次漂洗干凈，下一步，就要放進紙漿池。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">舀紙——造紙作坊隱藏在青山綠水間。舂好的構(gòu)樹皮末倒進紙漿池，引入山泉水，在電機帶動下，粉末隨水流不斷攪動，泛起一層綿密的白色泡沫。用竹竿迅速攪拌，讓水和漿充分融合，接著，用竹簾抄起浮游的纖維，使它們交織成紙張的雛形，這道工序叫“舀紙”。這一步最為考驗技巧，稍不注意纖維便會糾結(jié)成團。要掌握紙的厚薄，不需要多大力度，但必須要心靈手巧，否則原料就會跟水走。一個經(jīng)驗豐富的老師傅50公斤構(gòu)樹皮能造600張紙左右，技藝不夠嫻熟的年輕人來做，原料就會隨水流失，連300張都造不到。把舀好的紙晾曬起來，將多余的水分析出，再將紙張鋪平，利用笨重的木板和大石壓平，便能得到一張純天然的構(gòu)皮紙了。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><img src="/be/202307/1d2c0f1baa3b8b3f.jpg" style="width: 653.1px;" data-filename=""></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 27px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">如今，古法造紙已經(jīng)日漸式微。截至目前，壩統(tǒng)村僅有5戶人家仍延續(xù)著古法造紙技藝。古法造紙不僅是歷史發(fā)展的見證，更是透過千年時光窺視遠古文明的一扇大門。壩統(tǒng)村這種富含民間智慧的技藝，將隨著時間沉淀在山野鄉(xiāng)間，印記在山林深處，流淌在小河鎮(zhèn)的山水之間。</span></p><p><img src="/a1/202303/8af0b740a86e2bd7.jpg" style="text-align: justify; width: 653.1px;" data-filename=""></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">作者：</span><span style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;">嚴仁林</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="/newsImage/202309/7f575f3dc2ac7f06.gif" style="width: 640px;" data-filename=""></p><p><img src="/ae/202201/231ac8b834e6f856.jpg" style="text-align: justify; width: 640px;" data-filename=""></p></section></div><div id="0kk0ik4y0" class="bottom_word_relation"></div><div id="0kk0ik4y0" class="mobilebq" style="border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 8px; margin-top:10px; background: #f1f1f1"><div style=" font-size: 12px;text-align:center; margin-top:10px; font-family: 微軟雅黑">審核：馬燕責任編輯：譚澤濤</div><div 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